The city has notable niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. Indianapolis anchors the 30th-largest economic region in the U.S., based primarily on the industries of trade, transportation, and utilities professional and business services education and health services government leisure and hospitality and manufacturing. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration operates under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor. Two of the city's nicknames, the " Crossroads of America" and "Railroad City", reflect the city's historical ties to transportation. Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub. The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile (2.6 km 2) grid next to the White River.
In 1821, Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government. In 1818, the Lenape relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St.
Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to as early as 10,000 BC. Indianapolis covers 368 square miles (950 km 2), making it the 18th largest city by land area in the U.S. Its combined statistical area ranks 28th, with a population of 2,431,361. The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 33rd-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with 2,111,040 residents. It is the 16th-most populous city in the U.S., the third-most populous city in the Midwest after Chicago and Columbus, Ohio, and the fourth-most populous state capital after Phoenix, Arizona, Austin, Texas, and Columbus.
According to the 2020 United States census, the balance population was 887,642. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. Indianapolis ( / ˌ ɪ n d i ə ˈ n æ p əl ɪ s/ IN-dee-ə- NAP-əl-iss), colloquially known as Indy, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S.
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